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Masatoshi Nakayama
was an internationally renowned Japanese master of Shotokan karate.〔(Japan Karate Association: Master Nakayama Masatoshi ) Retrieved on February 13, 2010.〕〔(Abada Capoeira: In memoriam – Master Masatoshi Nakayama ) Retrieved on February 13, 2010.〕〔(USA Dojo: Masatoshi Nakayama ) Retrieved on February 13, 2010.〕 He helped establish the Japan Karate Association (JKA) in 1949,〔Evans, J. K. (1988): "The battle for Olympic Karate recognition: WUKO vs. IAKF." ''Black Belt'', 26(2):54–58.〕 and wrote many textbooks on karate, which served to popularize his martial art.〔〔 For almost 40 years, until his death in 1987, Nakayama worked to spread Shotokan karate around the world. He was the first master in Shotokan history to attain the rank of 9th ''dan'' while alive, and was posthumously awarded the rank of 10th ''dan''.〔
==Early life==
Nakayama was born on April 13, 1913,〔〔(The Shotokan Way: Masatoshi Nakayama profile ) Retrieved on February 13, 2010.〕〔(Shoto-ryu Karate-do Shiseikai: Masatoshi Nakayama ) Retrieved on February 13, 2010.〕 in the Yamaguchi prefecture of Japan.〔 He was descended from the Sanada clan, who were known as kenjutsu instructors, from the Nagano region.〔 Nakayama's grandfather was Naomichi Nakayama, a surgeon in Tokyo, who had also been the last of the family to teach kenjutsu.〔(Washington DC Shotokan Karate Club: Masatoshi Nakayama ) Retrieved on February 13, 2010.〕 Nakayama's father was Naomichi Nakayama, an army physician and a ''judoka'' (practitioner of judo).〔 His father was assigned to Taipei, so Nakayama spent some of his formative years there.〔 Apart from his academic studies, he participated in kendo, skiing, swimming, tennis, and track running.〔
Nakayama entered Takushoku University in 1932 to study Chinese language,〔 and began learning karate under Gichin Funakoshi and his son Yoshitaka (also known as Gigō).〔〔 He had originally planned to continue his training in kendo, but misread the schedule and arrived at karate training instead—and, interested by what he saw, ended up joining that martial art group.〔 Nakayama graduated from Takushoku University in 1937.〔 That same year, he travelled to China as a military interpreter during the Japanese occupation of China.〔 By the time World War II began, Nakayama had attained the rank of 2nd ''dan''.〔Zalewski, P. (2005): (The Japanese evolution of Karate rank ) (extract). Retrieved on February 14, 2010.〕 Nakayama returned to Japan in May 1946, after the war.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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